Which three elements does HTTPS encrypt?

HTTPS, or HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure, is designed to provide a secure communication channel over a computer network. One of its primary functions is to encrypt data transmitted between a user's browser and the web server to protect it from being intercepted by malicious entities.

In the context of this question, browser cookies, which can contain sensitive information about user sessions and preferences, are encrypted during an HTTPS transaction. This encryption ensures that any cookies exchanged between the client and server are protected from eavesdroppers. Consequently, a user's session information or any other data stored in cookies is shielded from outside access, contributing to a greater level of security on the internet.

While server IP addresses, website URLs, and login information may seem relevant to online security, they are not specifically encrypted by HTTPS in a manner that would protect them from exposure to third parties. The server IP address is generally not hidden from the client since it is necessary for establishing a connection. The website URL is typically encoded and made visible to the end-user, although the contents of the URL parameters that may carry sensitive information can be encrypted. Login information is included in the broader category of data being transmitted and is indeed secured, but it is considered separately from the more specific context of browser cookies, which is